Nobel Prize 2025 Announced: Winners, Categories, and Key Discoveries

The 2025 Nobel Prize announcements have begun, spotlighting trailblazing contributions in science and humanity. While prizes in physics, chemistry, literature, peace, and economics will follow over the coming days, the first major award declared is the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025.

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 – Winners

Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi were jointly awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Their work centers on peripheral immune tolerance—how the immune system is regulated so it does not attack the body’s own tissues. Sakaguchi first discovered regulatory T cells (or T-regs) that suppress harmful immune responses. Brunkow and Ramsdell then linked mutations in the Foxp3 gene to severe autoimmune disorders, showing how failure in this tolerance mechanism leads to disease. Their discoveries open new directions in treating autoimmune diseases, cancer immunotherapy, transplant medicine, and more.

Other Nobel Prizes — in Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences — will be announced in the days ahead. The Peace Prize 2025 is scheduled for announcement on 10 October 2025.

Each laureate receives not only a gold medal and diploma but also a monetary award (in Swedish krona), shared if there are multiple winners in a category.

Stay tuned as we bring you a full 2025 Nobel Prize winners list and deeper insights into their landmark contributions.

Category	Laureate(s)	Key Contribution
Physiology / Medicine	Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell & Shimon Sakaguchi	For their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance. They elucidated how the immune system restrains itself—specifically the role of regulatory T cells and the Foxp3 gene in preventing autoimmune reactions. Their work opens new paths for treating autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and cancer immunotherapy.
Chemistry	To be announced on 8 October 2025	The winner(s) will be honored for “the most important chemical discovery or improvement.”
Literature	To be announced on 9 October 2025	The Swedish Academy will choose a laureate for having produced the “most outstanding work in an idealistic direction.”
Peace	To be announced on 10 October 2025	The prize will go to an individual or organization “for the greatest benefit to humankind” in peace, reconciliation, or conflict resolution.
Economic Sciences	To be announced around 13 October 2025	Officially called the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. It recognizes significant advances in economics.